| Quo vadis Antarctic bottom water?
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| The formation of deep water, which is an important component of the climate system, takes place in only a few parts of the ocean: In the subpolar North Atlantic and in a few places in the Southern Hemisphere. There, the so-called Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is formed. While today AABW is circulating northwards into the other ocean basins, results of a new study show, that this was different under extreme climatic conditions in the past.
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| Davos financiers pump $1.4tn into fossil fuels: Greenpeace
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 Some of the world's biggest banks, insurers and pension funds have collectively invested $1.4 trillion in fossil fuel companies since the Paris climate deal, Greenpeace said Tuesday at the start of the World Economic Forum in Davos. With the climate emergency expected to be front and centre at the annual summit of the world's business elite, the charity accused some institutions in attendan
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| WWF praises Global Salmon Initiative
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| A new report by WWF cites the Global Salmon Initiative as a glowing example of how a sector can improve its sustainability and profitability if companies instigate pre-competitive collaboration in key…
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| Substantial twentieth-century Arctic warming caused by ozone-depleting substances
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| Nature Climate Change, Published online: 20 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0677-4 Arctic warming is attributed to GHGs and feedbacks, but the specific contribution of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)—also potent GHGs—has never been quantified. Here, model simulations show that ODS may have contributed half of the Arctic warming during the period 1955–2005.
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| Natural control on ozone pollution
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| Nature Climate Change, Published online: 20 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0686-3 For years, halogens have been known as destroyers of 'good' ozone, which acts as an upper-atmosphere shield from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Research now shows that natural halogen compounds emitted from the ocean help to control 'bad' ozone pollution at ground level and may continue to do so at a similar rate in future climate.
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| Natural halogens buffer tropospheric ozone in a changing climate
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| Nature Climate Change, Published online: 20 January 2020; doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0675-6 An Earth system model estimates that natural halogens, of marine biotic and abiotic origin, remove about 13% of present-day global tropospheric O3. Projections suggest this ratio is stable through 2100, with high spatial heterogeneity, despite increasing natural halogens.
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